COMP <GO>
WRB vs V // ALTMAN Z-SCORE & DEBT/EQUITY
W.R. Berkley Corporation (NYSE) VS. Visa Inc. (NYSE) • 15-METRIC TALLY: WRB 4
— V 8
■ METRIC PARITY
LAST: $75.16 (+1.76%) • MKT CAP: $27.42B
balance-sheet
—
LAST: $425.51 (+2.88%) • MKT CAP: $738.98B
balance-sheet
9.09
15-METRIC INSTITUTIONAL SIDE-BY-SIDE SCORECARD (WRB VS. V)
EMERALD CELL = QUANTITATIVE EDGE
| INSTITUTIONAL METRIC | WRB | V | SPREAD (A - B) | ADVANTAGE | DEDICATED URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gross Profit Margin | — | — | — | TIE | /gross-margins <GO> |
| Return on Invested Capital (ROIC) | 8.00% | 32.30% | -24.30 | V | /roic <GO> |
| EV/EBITDA & P/E Valuation | 14.3x | 28.9x | -14.60 | WRB | /valuation <GO> |
| Free Cash Flow Yield | 10.76% | 2.90% | +7.86 | WRB | /fcf-yield <GO> |
| Operating Margin | 14.80% | 60.00% | -45.20 | V | /operating-margins <GO> |
| Net Profit Margin | 12.10% | 50.10% | -38.00 | V | /net-margins <GO> |
| Revenue Growth (YoY) | 7.80% | 11.30% | -3.50 | V | /revenue-growth <GO> |
| Dividend Yield & FCF Payout Safety | 2.58% | 0.63% | +1.95 | WRB | /dividend-safety <GO> |
| Altman Z-Score & Debt/Equity ACTIVE | — | 9.09 | — | TIE | /balance-sheet <GO> |
| Piotroski F-Score Quality | 8/9 | 9/9 | -1.00 | V | /piotroski-score <GO> |
| Options Implied Move & Put/Call Skew | — | — | — | TIE | /options-implied-move <GO> |
| RSI-14 & 200D SMA Momentum | 56.5 | 67.7 | -11.20 | V | /rsi-technicals <GO> |
| 10Y Yield & FRED Macro Beta | 0.89 | 1.06 | -0.17 | V | /macro-sensitivity <GO> |
| Forward P/E Multiple | 14.2x | 34.0x | -19.80 | WRB | /forward-pe <GO> |
| Enterprise Scale & Market Cap | $27.42B | $738.98B | -$711.57B | V | /market-cap <GO> |
5-YEAR HISTORICAL XBRL REVENUE & MARGIN TRAJECTORY SEC FORM 10-K FY
| FISCAL YEAR | WRB REV | V REV | WRB GROSS % | V GROSS % | WRB FCF | V FCF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FY 2025 | $14.71B | $40.00B | — | — | $2.92B | $21.26B |
| FY 2024 | $13.64B | $35.93B | — | — | $3.06B | $18.33B |
| FY 2023 | $12.14B | $32.65B | — | — | $2.38B | $19.29B |
FRED MACRO REGIME CORRELATION COMPARISON PEARSON r
WRB // BETA 0.89
V // BETA 1.06